Production

In the Berlin address book - edition 1910 is the following entry - Adolf Maaß, factory antiseptic articles, SW 68, Alte Jakobstr.109, H. II. T. I. 9405 (BK) Inh. Adolf u. Richard Maaß

Leopold Levy was born on April 28, 1873 in Frankfurt (Oder), died on March 9, 1952 in Springfield, PA, USA. Married to Franziska Friede on March 15, 1897 in Berlin. Franziska Friede was born on Oct 2, 1872 in Berlin and died on Aug 30, 1942 in Springfield, PA, USA. Both were buried in Mount Sharon Cemetery, Springfield, Delaware Co, PA, USA

Franz-August Heeder and his nephew Wilhelm Niemann had already founded a wallpaper and oilcloth factory in 1860. The business address was Bäkerpfad 1, today's Virchowstraße 130. In 1882, the Jewish merchant David Devries joined the company as a co-partner. The company was dissolved in 1888, but was re-established by Devries at the same location only one year later. Devries also retained the original company name "Heeder & Co"

In 1898, the company "Markus Meyer Kartonfabrik Krefeld" was entered in the local commercial register as a letterpress, paper and cardboard wholesaler by Markus Meyer. Over the years, it became the most important family business in its sector in the wide area of the city. In 1927, a large new building was erected for the company at today's Philadelphiastrasse 146-150. It also housed apartments for employees. The building still stands today. 

Otto and Hermann Aschaffenburg, founded the company "Gebrüder Aschaffenburg" in 1897 and started their production mechanical looms. Their weaving mill was initially located in rented rooms of the non-Jewish dye works "Simons & Gier" on today's Künkelerstraße 37. Simons & Gier processed the woven goods made by their tenants directly further.

Abraham Gotthelf founded the company ""A. Gotthelf & Cie" in 1861. The "mixed chairware factory" was located at what is now Kapuzinerstrasse 1. The company name suggests that Gotthelf had a partner who is no longer known today. It was a manual operation and it is not certain that all the manual looms (weaving looms operated by hand, not by machine) were together in the factory building. Nevertheless, the business must have flourished very well, because Abraham Gotthelf was at the top of all tax-paying Jews in Gladbach in the years 1869-1873.

Aron Elkan founded a cardboard factory in 1861, the "Papier-u. Pappenf. A. Elkan". This must be imagined at first still very small and modest. The company premises were located on Krefelder Straße 175.

From 1896, Aron Elkan's sons Johannes and Peter, who had taken over the company in the meantime, began producing roofing felt. Roofing felt was a new product at that time, which was well received and promised good economic prospects with a rapid expansion of ever new factory facilities. The contested path brought great economic success already a few years.

In the Leipzig address book 1909 are the following entries: Liebes S., factory owner, ( Thomasiusstr.5 ), Katzbachstr. 8, Zerbster Str. 2, - Liebes & Teichtner., calendar factory, (Zerbster Str.2), Wittenbergerstraße 21 (storage place), Zerbster Straße 4.  6 (storage place). - Teichtner C., factory owner, ( Pfaffendorfer Stra;e 13.), Katzbachstr. 8, Zerbster Str.2. - Salomon (Siegfried) Liebes, born 1865 in Leipzig was the son of Hermann Liebes and Karoline Liebes, née Jeroslaw. Salomon (Siegfried) Liebes was a merchant and print shop owner in Leipzig.

The origins of the J. Elsbach & Co linen factory go back to the year 1844/48 in Herford. At that time, Levi Elsbach ran a linen business. In 1873, the brothers Josef and Hermann Elsbach founded the J. Elsbach & Co " Herforder Hemdenfabrik. In the years that followed, the company continued to expand - with a branch in Berlin in 1878 – 1907.  Before 1914, there were further Elsbach factories in Löhne, Lage, Bielefeld, Berlin, Enger and Oerlinghausen.  In 1907, the company was transformed into Elsbach AG (Aktiengesellschaft).