The businessman Bernhard Lippmann Hurwitz registered a cigarette and tobacco factory at Zirkusstraße 7/0 with the Dresden Trade Office on May 9, 1895. After various business relocations within the city of Dresden, cigarette production began at the end of September 1902 at Blasewitzer Strasse 68 (rear building)

On October 3, 1934, the Jewish owners of the factory, Benno Hurwitz and Dr. Emil Hurwitz, were deported by the NS states. Emil Hurwitz, were expropriated by the Nazi state.

Cigarette factory of the Berlin company of Josef Garbáty in Dresden. Garbáty had taken over the Dresden Aurelia cigarette factory in 1926.

The Jewish Garbáty family emigrated to America in 1939 after the Garbáty property was forcibly sold to the Jacob Koerfer Group from Cologne and the Hamburg-based Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken in the course of the „elimination of Jews from economic life“ in 1938. Josef Garbáty remained in Pankow and died in 1939 two days after his birthday at the age of 88.

The port city of Hamburg was one of the central port cities for emigration in the 19th and 20th centuries. More than five million Jews left their homes in Eastern Europe from 1881 onwards. They fled from pogroms, miserable living conditions and restrictive laws. They arrived in Hamburg by train to embark for the sea. For most of them, the USA became their new home. When the outbreak of cholera in Hamburg in August 1892 led to persistent rumors that the disease had been brought in by the immigrants, travelers from Russia and Austria-Hungary were banned from entering the city.

Michael Heilbronner was born on December 2, 1833 in Ichenhausen.He was married to Henriette, née Wimpfheimer, born on October 7, 1837 in Ichenhausen.Michael Heilbronner lived in the USA for several years before his marriage in 1857.The newly married couple lived in Zweibrücken for the first few years of their marriage.Their first three daughters were also born there.The family moved to Augsburg in 1868.

Victor Steiner was born on September 1, 1790. His parents were Simon Victor Steiner, born on June 17, 1762 and his wife Miriam Marianne, née Einstein, born on March 10, 1769 in Laupheim. Victor Steiner was married to Zemirah (Sophie) Reichenbach (Moos), born on April 12, 1799 in Hohenems. The couple had 12 children - Simon (Victor), born May 1, 1819, - Karolina, born May 1, 1820, - Gabriel, born March 25, 1826, - Daniel, born July 7, 1827, - Emilie (Esther), born July 27, 1828, - Henriette (Helene), b. June 30, 1829, - Johanna (Jeanette), b. Sep 15, 1831, - Kilian, b.

The building at Theobald-Christ-Straße 21 (formerly Theobaldstraße) was home to the Israelite Women's Association girls' orphanage founded in 1852. The institution was run by women's rights activist Bertha Pappenheim (1859-1936) for ten years from 1895. Around 1900, there were around 25 to 30 young women living there who were either half or full orphans; in some cases, their parents were unable to look after their children.

Julius Neufeld was born on March 26, 1883 in Lakenbach, Austria. His parents were David(Dovid) Neufeld and his wife Johanna(Chana), née Pollack von Lakenbach. Julius Neufeld was married to Paula Stiebel, who was born in Kitzingen on August 5, 1889. The couple had six children, Sara Senta, born 1913, - David, born 1914, - Jacob (Jaques), born 1915, - Ruth, born 1917, - Nathan, born 1919 and Marguerite, born 1924. The postcard was sent from Augsburg by M. Schloss to the Neufeld family. In the text on the back, the writer laments the war and wishes the Neufeld family a Happy New Year ( Sept.

The address book of the city of Augsburg from 1914 contains the following entries: Schloß Max, Rentier, Bahnhofstr.16 II. - Max Schloß, Company: (owned by Moritz Schloß in Augsburg and David Schloß in Ingolstadt), Bankgeschäft, Phil. Welserstr. D9. - Schloß Moritz, banker, part of the Max Schloß company, Stettenstr. 16/1. - The text of the card also contains wishes for the Jewish New Year 1916 (Sept. 28/29, 1916 - Elul 5676 / Tishri 5677). - A large war memorial can be found in the Jewish cemetery on Haunstettener Straße.

Siegried Kahn was born in Darmstadt on May 7, 1886. His parents were the leather merchant Isaak Kahn and Klara Kahn, née Hellmann. Siegfried Kahn had four other siblings - Julius, born in 1878, Selma, born in 1880, Frieda, born in 1891 and Helene, born in 1892 - and his father Isaak Kahn died very early on May 25, 1893, three days before his 46th birthday. The widowed Klara Kahn presumably moved to Karlsruhe with the youngest children in 1904. Siegried Kahn studied medicine in Munich and realized his early dream of becoming a doctor.