Complete profile
100
Kategorie
Adresse
Suitbertusstraße 137
40233 Düsseldorf
Deutschland
Koordinate
51.204298, 6.774973
<p>Abraham Freundlich, son of a Jewish farmer and baker, built without having received any technically training whatsoever, one of the leading refrigeration technology firms of his time. He started his workshop in 1888. By its 25th anniversary in 1913 the Maschinenfabrik. A. Freundlich (MAF) had well over 300 employees and enjoyed an outstanding reputation for its products at home and around the world.</p><p>In the book “Die Linde AG - Geschichte eines Techologie Konzerns 1879-2004” the competitor complimented: </p><ul><li>“Abraham Freundlich” was the “most successful example of an individual who built one of the most innovative German companies for refrigeration machines without any technical or academic educational background “. </li></ul><p>MAF was the first to produce a vertical standing up compressor - the Polarblitz. This machine was smaller and more efficient than the "traditional” horizontal compressors. Whilst MAF competitors initially tried to decry the invention, eventually it became the industry standard until today.</p><p>In 1902, for the Industrie und Gewerbeausstellung Düsseldorf, MAF installed nine years before Carrier in the USA brought that product to the market, the first air conditioning system in the Kunstpalast, one of the central exhibition halls.</p><p>On the eve of World War I MAF not only served the German market with customers like Karstadt, Tietze, Löwenbräu & the German Navy, but well over 50% of its turnover was exported across the world to Europe, South America, Africa & China. Overseas customers included large breweries such as Tuborg, palaces of the Zar in Jalta and even a Hospital in Kongo.</p><p>The firm managed to get through WW I & the world economic crisis of the 1920ies and continued to flourish thereafter. With the ascent to power of the Nazis in 1933 everything was to change. The anti-Semitic boycott and recrimination made it impossible for the family to carry on and in March 1936 they where forced to sell the firm at an inappropriate low price to an Aryan proprietor.</p>
Ereignisse
Beschreibung
Abraham Freundlich opens his workshop Steinstraße 46 in Düsseldorf with just one craftsman to assist
Ereignis
Datum Von
1888-10-01
Datum bis
1888-10-01
Datierung
1.10.1888
Epoche universalgeschichtlich
Beschreibung
Firm entered into the commercial register as "A. Freundlich: Brauerei-Maschinen und Bedarfartikel"
Ereignis
Datum Von
1889-01-01
Datum bis
1889-12-31
Datierung
1889
Epoche universalgeschichtlich
Beschreibung
Move to Bahnstraße 68 followed by move to Florastraße 76 (1893) to accommodate growth of the factory
Ereignis
Datum Von
1890-01-01
Datum bis
1890-12-31
Datierung
1890
Epoche universalgeschichtlich
Beschreibung
Purchase of various fields and buildings in Suitbertusstraße to build a modern purpose built factory
Ereignis
Datum Von
1896-01-01
Datum bis
1896-12-31
Datierung
1896
Epoche universalgeschichtlich
Beschreibung
Construction of a 3.000 sqm large cold Storage facility the Freundlich Kaltlagerhäuser GmbH
Ereignis
Datum Von
1915-01-01
Datum bis
1915-12-31
Datierung
1915
Epoche universalgeschichtlich
Beschreibung
Abrahams son Erich and daughters Wilhelmina & Hildegard become limited partners ( Kommanditisten)
Ereignis
Datum Von
1918-01-01
Datum bis
1918-01-01
Datierung
1.1.1918
Epoche universalgeschichtlich
Beschreibung
Erich Freundlich and Otto Marcus join Abraham als general partner (phG)
Ereignis
Datum Von
1925-09-08
Datum bis
1925-09-08
Datierung
8.9.1925
Epoche universalgeschichtlich
Beschreibung
Forced under value sale of the business to aryan business man & party member Herrmann Helm
Ereignis
Datum Von
1936-03-16
Datum bis
1936-03-16
Datierung
16.3.1936
Epoche universalgeschichtlich
Beschreibung
Business was renamed Rheinkälte Maschenfabrik Helm & Co
Ereignis
Datum Von
1941-01-01
Datum bis
1941-12-31
Datierung
1941
Epoche universalgeschichtlich
Beschreibung
The factory premises where heavily damaged during the war
Ereignis
Datum Von
1942-01-01
Datum bis
45-01-01
Datierung
1942-45
Epoche universalgeschichtlich
Beschreibung
The business is restituted to the family and renamed Rheinkälte A. Freundlich
Ereignis
Datum Von
1948-06-30
Datum bis
1948-06-30
Datierung
30.6.1948
Epoche universalgeschichtlich
Beschreibung
Sale to Ideal Standard
Ereignis
Datum Von
1955-06-30
Datum bis
1955-06-30
Datierung
30.6.1955
Epoche universalgeschichtlich
Beschreibung
sale to Linde AG
Ereignis
Datum Von
1968-01-01
Datum bis
1968-12-31
Datierung
1968
Epoche universalgeschichtlich
Medien
Abraham Freundlich
Aufnahmedatum
4.3.2023.
Fotografiert von
Richard Markus
Richard Markus
Bildquelle (Woher stammt das Bild)
Private Aufnahme
Breite
2520
Höhe
3648
Lizenz
CC BY-SA 4.0
Factory Workshop der Maschinenfabrik A. Freundlich around 1900
Aufnahmedatum
4.3.2023.
Fotografiert von
Richard Markus
Richard Markus
Bildquelle (Woher stammt das Bild)
Private Aufnahme aus einer Firmenveröffentlichung
Breite
3527
Höhe
2454
Lizenz
CC BY-SA 4.0
early advertising material Maschinenfabrik A. Freundlich
Aufnahmedatum
4.3.2023.
Fotografiert von
Richard Markus
Richard Markus
Bildquelle (Woher stammt das Bild)
Private Aufnahme aus einer Firmenveröffentlichung
Breite
2918
Höhe
3716
Lizenz
CC BY-SA 4.0
Large copper compressor for the Reichsmarineamt (Imperial Navy Office) being drawn by 2 elephants from the factory to the main station
Aufnahmedatum
1908
Fotografiert von
Maschinenfabrik A. Freundlich
Richard Markus
Bildquelle (Woher stammt das Bild)
Private Aufnahme aus einer Firmenveröffentlichung
Breite
2885
Höhe
2165
Lizenz
CC BY-SA 4.0
Beschreibung
Transport of an enormous copper compressor from the works to the main station. Abraham Freundlich used the opportunity of a Düsseldorf visit by the famous “Hagenbeck Circus” to borrow two elephants from the circus to transport the boiler to the station. This was much to the pleasure of a crowd who enjoyed that spectacle .
Letterhead of Maschinenfabrik A. Freundlich from1906
Aufnahmedatum
1906
Fotografiert von
Richard Markus
Richard Markus
Bildquelle (Woher stammt das Bild)
Private Aufnahme aus einer Firmenveröffentlichung
Breite
2666
Höhe
1218
Lizenz
CC BY-SA 4.0
The Crownprinz visiting the openeing of the Industrie und Gewerbeausstellung Düsseldorf in 1902 with Abraham Freundlich in the background
Aufnahmedatum
2023
Fotografiert von
Richard Markus
Richard Markus
Bildquelle (Woher stammt das Bild)
Photo eines Zeitungsartikels aus 1902
Breite
416
Höhe
301
Lizenz
CC BY-SA 4.0
Beschreibung
In 1902, for the Industrie und Gewerbeausstellung Düsseldorf (Industrial and Commercial Fair) MAF installed, nine years before Carrier in the USA brought that product to the market, the first air conditioning system in the so called Kunstpalast, one of the central exhibition halls. The exhibition which attracted 5 million visitors, was modelled on the world exhibition in Paris in 1900, stood under the patronage of the crown prince who opened the exhibition on 1.May 1902. The photograph below shows the crown prince visiting the exhibition with Abraham Freundlich in the background
MAF innovative Polarblitz installed on Germanies largest WWI battelship the Panzerkreuzer Blücher
Aufnahmedatum
2023
Fotografiert von
Richard Markus
Richard Markus
Bildquelle (Woher stammt das Bild)
Photo aus einer Firmenveröffentlichung- Deutsches Museum
Breite
2668
Höhe
3402
Lizenz
CC BY-SA 4.0
Mobile Icemaking Maschnine Typ „H II Tropenmodell" for 25 Kilo/h Ice production, Driven by a Benzol- Engine
Aufnahmedatum
2023
Fotografiert von
Richard Markus
Richard Markus
Bildquelle (Woher stammt das Bild)
Photo aus einer Firmenveröffentlichung
Breite
2484
Höhe
3202
Lizenz
CC BY-SA 4.0
Refrigeration Room for Game und Wild Fowl with a Coolling Tube Rack
Aufnahmedatum
2023
Fotografiert von
Richard Markus
Richard Markus
Bildquelle (Woher stammt das Bild)
Photo aus einer Firmenveröffentlichung
Breite
2932
Höhe
2414
Lizenz
CC BY-SA 4.0
Description of the Turn-Key Refrigeration Systems build for Rudolph Karstadt AG new falgship store at Herrmannplatz in Berlin- Neukölln
Aufnahmedatum
2023
Fotografiert von
Richard Markus
Richard Markus
Bildquelle (Woher stammt das Bild)
Photo des Sonderdrucks aus der Zeitschrift ,Die Kälte Industrie October 1931o aus einer Firmenveröffentlichung
Breite
2691
Höhe
3589
Lizenz
CC BY-SA 4.0
Beschreibung
Rudolf Karstadt AG was a significant customer for MAF. MAF fitted out many of their stores across Germany. The, between 1927 - 29 , newly build flagship store at Herrmanplatz took in-store cooling concept to a new level. Karstadt wanted cooling facilities, driven by a central unit in the cellar, to be present throughout the house and at the same time wanted them to be "pleasant and presentable" with the technology as invisible as possible. Dozens of attractive point of sale cooling facilities had to be designed and installed from the cellar to the roof top restaurant on the six floor, an extraordinary complex and visionary project.
Advertising Material of MAF
Aufnahmedatum
2023
Fotografiert von
Richard Markus
Richard Markus
Bildquelle (Woher stammt das Bild)
Firmenveröffentlichung
Breite
2685
Höhe
3669
Lizenz
CC BY-SA 4.0
FREUNDLICH'S KLEIN-KALTEMASCHINEN
Aufnahmedatum
2023
Fotografiert von
Richard Markus
Richard Markus
Bildquelle (Woher stammt das Bild)
Firmenveröffentlichung
Breite
2775
Höhe
3826
Lizenz
CC BY-SA 4.0
Description of the companies premsises at Suitbertusstraße 137/137a in Düssedorf with 7.500sqm factory space around 1906
Aufnahmedatum
2023
Fotografiert von
Richard Markus
Richard Markus
Bildquelle (Woher stammt das Bild)
Firmenveröffentlichung - Deutsches Museum
Breite
2760
Höhe
3561
Lizenz
CC BY-SA 4.0
Pressclipping from March 1936 announcing the "aryanisation" of MAF
Aufnahmedatum
2023
Fotografiert von
Richard Markus
Richard Markus
Bildquelle (Woher stammt das Bild)
Völkischer Beobachter
Breite
3072
Höhe
1756
Lizenz
CC BY-SA 4.0
Beschreibung
A. Freundlich Maschinenfabrik. The 1888 founded company has been transferred into Aryan ownership through the sale by the current owners to new owners Hermann Helm (95%) and Gustav Walter (5%).
Letter from Abraham Freundlich to customers communicating the change in ownership due to Aryanisation
Aufnahmedatum
2023
Fotografiert von
Richard Markus
Richard Markus
Bildquelle (Woher stammt das Bild)
letter from company dated 4.4.1936
Breite
1917
Höhe
2782
Lizenz
CC BY-SA 4.0
Beschreibung
The letter reads as follows:
As the attached advertisement in the "Völkischer Beobachter" proves, our company is now an Aryan company.The previous shareholders and limited partners belonging to the founding family have left. The workshops, drawings, models, patents and - what is most important - the long-standing trained staff have been taken over, so that we still have the experience in the field of refrigeration technology that we have acquired over 48 years at our disposal
As you know, we are in this special field and manufacture all the essential parts in our own factory, so we can guarantee flawless workshop work and prompt delivery. We can still supply you in time for the upcoming summer.
Please let us know what you would like, be it for a new installation, for the enlargement or improvement of existing ice and cooling systems; we will then be happy to submit our proposals to you .
With German greetings
A. Freundlich
As the attached advertisement in the "Völkischer Beobachter" proves, our company is now an Aryan company.The previous shareholders and limited partners belonging to the founding family have left. The workshops, drawings, models, patents and - what is most important - the long-standing trained staff have been taken over, so that we still have the experience in the field of refrigeration technology that we have acquired over 48 years at our disposal
As you know, we are in this special field and manufacture all the essential parts in our own factory, so we can guarantee flawless workshop work and prompt delivery. We can still supply you in time for the upcoming summer.
Please let us know what you would like, be it for a new installation, for the enlargement or improvement of existing ice and cooling systems; we will then be happy to submit our proposals to you .
With German greetings
A. Freundlich
Notary deed restituting the business to the family dated 30.7.1948 (page one of two)
Aufnahmedatum
2023
Fotografiert von
Richard Markus
Richard Markus
Bildquelle (Woher stammt das Bild)
Notary Deed 30.7.1948
Breite
2260
Höhe
3141
Lizenz
CC BY-SA 4.0
Beschreibung
Restitution took place a good year before restitution laws had been passed in the British Military Sector. The circumstances were dramatic. The son of the deceased Herrmann Helm (Robert) had been caught trying to steal the companies cash by an employee in June 1948. The employee contacted Otto Marcus in London, who at short notice travelled to Düsseldorf to confront Helm on 30.July. He threatened him with criminal charges unless the company was restored immediately to the family.The notary deed was signed the same day. Thus the family became "de-facto" owners again.
"De-jure" they had to wait for another two years until the necessary laws were in place and a legally binding judgment existed.
"De-jure" they had to wait for another two years until the necessary laws were in place and a legally binding judgment existed.
Court Document of "De-Jure" restitution 9.6.1950
Aufnahmedatum
2023
Fotografiert von
Richard Markus
Richard Markus
Bildquelle (Woher stammt das Bild)
Court Document
Breite
2210
Höhe
3322
Lizenz
CC BY-SA 4.0
Beschreibung
In the British Sector legislation enabling restitution of misappropiriated Jewish property during the Nazi time (britischen Rückerstattungsgesetzes (BrREG)) was announced by the military authorities on 12. May 1949. This law paved the way for, what to-date had only been a commercial and de-facto restitution of MAF from the year before, to become legally confirmed & binding . The photo above shows the first page of the court order of restitution.
Weiterführender Link
Literatur
Dr. Bauert-Keetman, Ingrid, Die Geschichte des Werkes Rheinkälte
Markus, Hugh Brian, The Markus Family
Freundlich, Werner, Recollections
Prof. Levinson, Wilhelm , Die Siegburger Familie Levinson
Prof. Dr. Hans - Ludger Dienel, Die Linde AG, 2005, Verlag C.H.Beck
Verein der Historische Kälte- und Klimatechnik e.V.
Deutscher Kälte-Verein, Bilder aus der deutschen Kälteindustrie, Berlin, Boston: Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 1913.
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