A brick wall forms the demarcation between the main cemetery and the Jewish cemetery. Already the medieval Jewish community had a cemetery, which is mentioned between 1428 and 1521. It was located in the direction of Holzhausen on Ichtershäuser Straße. Traces of this cemetery have not been preserved. Until 1921 the dead of the Jewish community were buried in Plaue or in other places (especially in home towns of the deceased). The land for the establishment of a Jewish cemetery in Arnstadt was acquired by the Jewish community in 1912.

In the spring of 1940, the last Jewish inhabitants had to move into some "Jewish houses" together. One of them was the residential house of the Jewish  banker Siegmund Hirschmann in Karolinenstraße 2. Many were later deported from there. In the summer of 1944, there was no longer a Jewish community in the town.

Teacher Abraham Heilbrunn (living in Fleischgasse 1a) taught five children at the religious school in the school year 1931/32.

In the second half of the 19th century, between 1874 and 1877, a first prayer hall could be established in the house of the family of the first community leader Julius Jonas, which was a "friendly, large" hall (report above from 1877). In 1877 there were already three Torah scrolls in the community. The prayer hall was in the house Ritterstraße 7 (building still exists).

The synagogue existing in the Middle Ages stood according to a report of 1521 "in the Erfurtische street, where anitzo the Bartolomäische rear building is' (meant: the property Erfurter street No. 17, rear house). It was probably a stone house, which also served as a dwelling for Jewish families.  On December 29, 1878 - after an assassination attempt and happy return of the German Emperor - a thanksgiving service took place. Teacher Ehrlich gave an address which included, "Merciful God and Father of all people.

A "stone house in the Zimmergasse" (steynhusz in the Zcymergasse) was inhabited by Jews. In 1466 it came to the expulsion of all Arnstadt Jews, whereupon the house was given by the prince elsewhere.

Bernhard Prager has been commemorated since 1959 by "Bernhard Prager-Gasse" (formerly: "Sandgasse"). At his former residence and business house (Bernhard-Prager-Gasse 8; at the building, the old company inscription can be read again since 2018: "Felle - S. Prager - Därme") a commemorative plaque was placed to the right of the entrance in 1988 with the following text: "(Star of David). Bernhard Prager, born 29.6.1888 in Wenings, persecuted because of his jüd. Herkunft, deported by the fascists to the concentration camp Theresienstadt, murdered on 26.9.1944. Never forget them".

The residence of the Jewish Fleischmann family at Bernhardstraße 34 was converted into a so-called "Judenhaus". In 1941, the Sichel, Lichtenstein and Friedmann families had to move into the "Judenhaus" s house. From May 1942 the deportations of the Jewish inhabitants still living in the city took place.  

During the November pogrom of 1938, Jewish houses and businesses were demolished. In the Hofmann family, the apartment was vandalized and 70-year-old Benjamin Hofmann was pushed down the stairs; he died of his injuries a few weeks later.

During the November pogrom in 1938, the Jewish houses and stores were demolished. At the Fleischmann family, the window panes were broken, a horse-drawn vehicle was pulled into the alley and set on fire.