Until the beginning of the 19th century, a prayer hall or synagogue was present in each case (e.g. mentioned in 1737 in connection with the formula for the Jewish oath). On August 30, 1811 a synagogue could be consecrated at the western city wall. The ducal court factor Levi Simon had given the money for it and initially purchased two plots of land in the area of Untere Marktstraße with the then census numbers 22 and 23. The inauguration took place with the permission of Duke Frederick. The inauguration speech was held by Josef Michael Hirsch.

A Jewish cemetery was established in Heiligenstadt in the first half of the 19th century. The oldest grave is from 1829. The last burial in the Nazi period was in 1940. Possibly there was also still a burial in 1947  (Pauline Löwenstein in a grave without preserved inscription).  
The cemetery is surrounded by a plain wooden fence.    

In the 19th century, the congregation's services were initially held in rented rooms. In 1870, the congregation purchased a house in Stubenstraße and converted it into a synagogue. Master builder Fütterer initially planned a representative appearance for the front façade. However, since no subsidies came from the government, the plan could not be executed. The synagogue was built in 1872/73 and consecrated on September 10, 1873.

Jacob Schwalbe was the third chairman of the Jewish Community Representative Office in 1932. After the November pogrom in 1938, he was deported to Buchenwald concentration camp.

Armin Grunsfeld was the second chairman of the Jewish Community Representative Office in 1932. After the November pogrom in 1938, he was deported to Buchenwald concentration camp.

Max Oppenheimer was head of the Jewish Community Representative Office in 1932. After the November pogrom in 1938, he was deported to Buchenwald concentration camp.

Alfred Weil was secretary as well as treasurer of the Jewish community in 1932. After the November pogrom in 1938, he was deported to Buchenwald concentration camp.

Alexander Löwenthal was a community leader in 1932. After the November pogrom in 1938, he was deported to Buchenwald concentration camp.

In the second half of the 15th century there were again individual Jews in the city (named since 1469). At that time, the Archbishop of Mainz allowed the Jews of Heiligenstadt to rebuild the "Judenhof" to be able to move into housing there (today street name "Am Jüdenhof", near the old market).

The Jewish Cemetery is a cemetery of the city of Gotha in the district of Gotha in Thuringia.