The synagogue existing in the Middle Ages stood according to a report of 1521 "in the Erfurtische street, where anitzo the Bartolomäische rear building is' (meant: the property Erfurter street No. 17, rear house). It was probably a stone house, which also served as a dwelling for Jewish families.  On December 29, 1878 - after an assassination attempt and happy return of the German Emperor - a thanksgiving service took place. Teacher Ehrlich gave an address which included, "Merciful God and Father of all people.

A "stone house in the Zimmergasse" (steynhusz in the Zcymergasse) was inhabited by Jews. In 1466 it came to the expulsion of all Arnstadt Jews, whereupon the house was given by the prince elsewhere.

The Arnstadt community had a synagogue (mentioned in 1347 in a partition agreement between Count Günter XXI and the sons of his brother Heinrich) and a cemetery on Ichtershäuser Straße (or Erfurter Straße?, but it is unclear at what time it is mentioned in the Middle Ages - the cemetery is mentioned in 1428 and 1521).

Bernhard Prager has been commemorated since 1959 by "Bernhard Prager-Gasse" (formerly: "Sandgasse"). At his former residence and business house (Bernhard-Prager-Gasse 8; at the building, the old company inscription can be read again since 2018: "Felle - S. Prager - Därme") a commemorative plaque was placed to the right of the entrance in 1988 with the following text: "(Star of David). Bernhard Prager, born 29.6.1888 in Wenings, persecuted because of his jüd. Herkunft, deported by the fascists to the concentration camp Theresienstadt, murdered on 26.9.1944. Never forget them".

The residence of the Jewish Fleischmann family at Bernhardstraße 34 was converted into a so-called "Judenhaus". In 1941, the Sichel, Lichtenstein and Friedmann families had to move into the "Judenhaus" s house. From May 1942 the deportations of the Jewish inhabitants still living in the city took place.  

During the November pogrom of 1938, Jewish houses and businesses were demolished. In the Hofmann family, the apartment was vandalized and 70-year-old Benjamin Hofmann was pushed down the stairs; he died of his injuries a few weeks later.

During the November pogrom in 1938, the Jewish houses and stores were demolished. At the Fleischmann family, the window panes were broken, a horse-drawn vehicle was pulled into the alley and set on fire.

An actual synagogue did not exist. From 1901 to 1925 there was a prayer room of the "Israelitische Vereinigung" on the upper floor of the house of the "Bürgerverein" (after 1945: "Volkshaus"). The building in which the prayer room was located was demolished in 1993. The Apolda town hall was built on the site. After the mid-1920s, there was no longer any organized Jewish community life in Apolda.

The Neumann family lived here between 1914 and 1938: Mechel Leib, Julie (née Krauser) and Michael Nathan Chaim. Mechel Neumann ran until the "Aryanization" in 1938 a store for haberdashery, gallantry and white goods, finery and pictures (from 1928) and wall clocks (from 1931). 

In addition, Samuel "Sally" Rotenberg operated a store for men's clothing, tailoring, and advertising signs (from 1935) from 1924 to 1938.

The Rosenberg couple (Siegmund and Adele, née Skolny) lived here in 1942. In 1943, the couple Freilich (Bernhard and Sophie, née Felsen) lived here. Between 1942 and 1944, the Jewish residents who remained until then were deported: on May 10, 1942, 17 people to the Bezlyce (Poland) ghetto, 41 more people the same year (all 58 were murdered), in 1943 and 1944, eleven people to the Auschwitz concentration camp and five to the Theresienstadt ghetto. According to the Altenburg historian Christian Repkewitz, the house was not a state-imposed  "Judenhaus".