A Jewish community re-emerged in the city at the beginning of the 19th century, which was able to establish a cemetery in front of the Brühler Tor at the beginning of today's Cyriakstraße in 1811/12. The cemetery was occupied until the construction of the new cemetery in 1878. In 1926 the cemetery was severely desecrated. In the process, three youths of the "Wiking-Bund" toppled or severely damaged 95 of the 130 existing gravestones at that time (see reports below). In 1938 the cemetery was again vandalized. 

During excavations at a construction site in the area between Andreasstraße, Großer Ackerhofgasse and Moritzstraße, 20 more pieces of medieval Jewish gravestones were found, including the oldest surviving gravestone from 1259 for "Frau Dolze, Tochter des Herrn Ascher."  Erfurt now has a total of 58 Jewish gravestones and gravestone fragments from the Middle Ages. Three of them are on display in the Old Synagogue. The newly discovered pieces will initially be housed in the stone depot of the Angermuseum.

The Jewish community already had a cemetery in front of the Werna Gate in the 16th and 17th centuries. When this cemetery had become too small in the second half of the 18th century, the community acquired a plot of land in front of the Walkenrieder Tor in 1782. The last burial took place in 1915. The cemetery area covers about 25,00 ar. There are about 75 gravestones preserved. Many of them show traces of destruction and desecration. The memorial plaque located at the corner of Töpferstraße and Karlstraße was destroyed and removed in the 1990s, after which a new plaque was installed.

Article in the magazine "Menorah" 1926 issue 9 p. 528: "The synagogue in Ellrich. The many small Jewish communities in Germany, with their peculiar physiognomy, have been increasingly doomed in recent decades. Among them is the community of Ellrich, a small town on the edge of the southern Harz on the shortest route from Hanover to Thuringia. Here, about half a century ago, lived a small but valuable Jewish community.

The Richter family lived in Bahnhofstraße; he was co-owner of the Harzer Papierfabrik and had already been taken into "protective custody" in the spring of 1933. At his third arrest, it took his own life in 1939 in the court prison Nordhausen. His son, last in the Gross-Rosen concentration camp, survived the deportation.

Hermann Gerson, who was for a time the head of the small Jewish community, set up a prayer room in his residential and commercial building. How long the prayer room was used as such is not known. The building still stands today.   

Benno Süßkind, who worked as a salesman for Hermann Gerson. He was also non-Jewish married, the family (two children) lived Am Hopfensteg 14. With the "Aryanization" of the store of Hermann Gerson Benno Süßkind became unemployed. He was later deported as well and perished.  

Hermann Gerson, who had a textile store in the building Kirchberg 8. He, too, was non-Jewish by marriage. His two children Ruth and Alexander had already emigrated to Palestine in 1930. In 1938, Hermann Gerson's business was forcibly "Aryanized". Hermann Gerson and his wife Julie became homeless. They found shelter with the non-Jewish Heß family. In 1944 Hermann Gerson was denounced and deported to the Auschwitz concentration camp.