The medieval Jewish residential area was located in the area from Ackerhof to Benediktsplatz until the persecution and destruction of the community in the plague period. Here was the synagogue of the Jewish community. The building, which has been preserved until today, is the oldest synagogue in Central Europe preserved up to the roof. During intensive research in recent years, four construction phases of a total of three synagogues could be identified. The visible western facade with the tracery rosette and the pointed arched windows can be dated to the year 1270.

Excavation site with notice board with text: "Archaeological excavation medieval mikvah. 

The Jewish community, which re-emerged a few years after the plague pogrom, was able to build a new synagogue in the area of the parking lot behind the town hall (second synagogue). Remains of this synagogue are probably located under this parking lot. In September 2012, the keystone was recovered.

The medieval Jewish residential area was located in the area from Ackerhof to Benediktsplatz until the persecution and destruction of the community during the plague.

After 1945, initially only a few Jewish people moved back in the city (survivors from concentration camps, only a few of them from pre-war Erfurt.). A first community center was built in rented rooms Am Anger 30/32, until on August 31, 1952 (10 Ellul 5712) a new synagogue with community center could be inaugurated.

The New Jewish Cemetery is the cemetery of the Jewish community of Erfurt. It was established in 1871 after the old cemetery on Cyriaksstraße could no longer be expanded. It is located on the edge of the Steigerwald next to the Thüringenhalle, Werner-Seelenbinder-Straße 3, and is still used as a burial place today.

A Jewish community re-emerged in the city at the beginning of the 19th century, which was able to establish a cemetery in front of the Brühler Tor at the beginning of today's Cyriakstraße in 1811/12. The cemetery was occupied until the construction of the new cemetery in 1878. In 1926 the cemetery was severely desecrated. In the process, three youths of the "Wiking-Bund" toppled or severely damaged 95 of the 130 existing gravestones at that time (see reports below). In 1938 the cemetery was again vandalized. 

During excavations at a construction site in the area between Andreasstraße, Großer Ackerhofgasse and Moritzstraße, 20 more pieces of medieval Jewish gravestones were found, including the oldest surviving gravestone from 1259 for "Frau Dolze, Tochter des Herrn Ascher."  Erfurt now has a total of 58 Jewish gravestones and gravestone fragments from the Middle Ages. Three of them are on display in the Old Synagogue. The newly discovered pieces will initially be housed in the stone depot of the Angermuseum.

The Jewish community already had a cemetery in front of the Werna Gate in the 16th and 17th centuries. When this cemetery had become too small in the second half of the 18th century, the community acquired a plot of land in front of the Walkenrieder Tor in 1782. The last burial took place in 1915. The cemetery area covers about 25,00 ar. There are about 75 gravestones preserved. Many of them show traces of destruction and desecration. The memorial plaque located at the corner of Töpferstraße and Karlstraße was destroyed and removed in the 1990s, after which a new plaque was installed.