Hakhshara

Since 1922, the agricultural school ‚Haus Schalom' des Bachad (orthodox Jewish parallel organization to the Hechaluz) was located at Ackerweg 5, where young Zionists prepared for emigration to Palästina and were trained in agriculture, horticulture and animal husbandry by neighbouring farmers. The clinker brick house was used for general residential purposes from 1932 and had to make way for the new P+R parking garage at Hamburg-Neugraben S-Bahn station in 1993.

In the spring of 1933, the owner Rudolf Stern left the farmstead with all the farm buildings and land to the Reichsvertretung jüdischer Landesverbände as a training center for young boys and girls in preparation for emigration to Palestine. According to a report by the SD Düsseldorf dated July 3, 1936, however, the retraining camp „was affiliated with the Prussian State Association of Jewish Communities“. It was run by the Jüdischer Pfadfinderbund Makkabi Hazair.

Between 1924 and 1927, individual chaluzim from the Jungjuuml;discher Wanderbund and the Hechaluz were known to have lived and worked in Grüsen. In 1925, it was designated a „kosher center“, with the chaluzim distributed among the village's farms.

In September 1937, on the initiative of the Reich Representation of Jews in Germany and the Hechaluz, the construction of the Middle Hachshara in Ellguth-Steinau began. The estate belonged to the Jewish factory owner family Fränkel from Neustadt O.S. The institution was considered a „prestigious estate of the Reich Association of Jews in Germany".

The Polenzwerder estate was acquired in 1923 by the brothers Julius and Gustav Meyer and used as a brickworks and agricultural business. The brickworks was out of operation from 1932, after which Polenzwerder was only used for farming. Gustav Meyer's son Max was the manager of the estate until 1937.

Before the end of 1935, it was decided to found a non-Zionist emigration school for German-Jewish youths, which was to offer an alternative to the Hachsharot. On January 16, 1936, the constituent assembly took place in the offices of the Reich Representation of Jews in Germany (RV). Representatives of the most important Jewish organizations in Germany, with the exception of the Zionist Association for Germany (ZVfD), took part in the board of trustees and the working committee.

The fishing hachshara training center „Kibbutz Zerubavel“ existed in 1946 in Blankenese, near Hamburg. The Jewish Agency and the left-wing Poale Zion movement ran the Zerubavel fishing kibbutz, where they offered mainly young, Eastern European-Jewish displaced persons (DPs) training to enable them to immigrate to the British Mandate of Palestine.

Founded in May 1936 in Gro&szlig Breesen (today: Brzezno Trzebnica) near Trebnitz as an emigration estate to prepare for North and South America, three two-year courses were completed. However, plans for a joint emigration of all Breeseners to Übersee failed. From the first course many still found an individual way abroad in 1937/1938. On November 10, 1938, the estate was raided by SS men, the male members of the second course, the educators and almost all the foremen were taken to the Buchenwald concentration camp, and a number of things on the estate were destroyed.

The youth and educational home of the German Jewish Community Federation located in Wolzig is of great historical importance. The home stood for tolerance towards Judaism, was able to accommodate a large number of Jewish youth for centuries until the National Socialists came to power in 1933, and played an important role in social and economic life. It was the only German state-approved welfare educational home that maintained the ritual acts from Jewish customs and in this way commemorated the heyday of Jewish life.

In Rüdnitz there was a training camp of the Jewish Socialist-Zionist youth movement. There, between 1933 and 1941, Jüdish youths were prepared for their emigration to Palästina, where they received vocational training. In the Nähe of the station were prepared in the time many humans for their emigration.