Since the mid-1870s, the Jewish community had been collecting funds for the construction of a new synagogue. Head Hirsch Stern established a synagogue building fund. In 1879, the assets of the fund already consisted of 3,550 marks, raised through donations. In 1881 the plans became concrete. At a congregational meeting in 1881, various proposals for the acquisition of a suitable site for the synagogue were discussed.

Already in the Middle Ages there was a Jewish community with a synagogue in Karlstadt. The city was planned and founded around 1200 by the Würzburg bishop Konrad von Querfurt on the drawing board. Hans Leopold Müller assumes that Jews were directly involved in the financing and construction of the town. However, this assumption is only supported by circumstantial evidence. There are no written records of the first Jewish community in Karlstadt. It is only known that it was wiped out by the pogrom in the course of the "Rindfleisch-Verfolgung" in 1298.

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