Emanuel Mandel

The Chemnitz address book from 1939 contains the following entry: Mandel Emanuel, Dipl.-Ing.,Weststr.5 I. - The Viennese engineer Emanuel Mandel had been married to Anni Oppenheimer, daughter of Hugo Max and Betty Oppenheim, since 1930. Her father Hugo Max Oppenheimer had already died in 1921. Her brother Fritz Oppenheimer (company commander and lieutenant in the reserve) was killed by gunfire in a battle near the village of Hollebeke (Belgium) on September 19, 1918 during the First World War. After the death of their father, their brother Dr. Wilhelm Alexander Oppenheim continued to run the stocking and glove factory „Heidenheim,Oppenheim & Co. together with his mother Betty. Dr. Wilhelm Alexander Oppenheim, married to Ilse Einstein, emigrated to Norway with his wife and son Rainer on February 23, 1938. A few months later, the family emigrated to Scotland. Anni Mandel remained in Germany with her husband Emanuel and their daughters Inge Elisabeth (born 1930) and Stephanie Cäcilie (born 1933) and the widow Betty Oppenheim. Betty Oppenheim fled to Holland in 1939 with her grandchildren Inge and Stephanie. Anni and Emanuel Mandel, who remained in Germany, were deported from Berlin to Auschwitz on February 19, 1943 and murdered there. Betty Oppenheim and her grandchildren were deported to Westerbork in Holland and Betty Oppenheim was transported on to Sobibor in May 1943 and murdered there. The two girls Inge and Stephanie Mandel were transferred to Bergen-Belsen in September 1943 and deported to Auschwitz 8 months later, on May 24, 1944, where they were murdered. Inge was 13 and Stephanie 10 years old. Five stumbling stones at Weststra e 7 in Chemnitz commemorate the fate of the Mandel and Betty Oppenheim family.