In Tauberbischofsheim, an official town of the Electorate of Mainz until the beginning of the 19th century, there was a Jewish community in the Middle Ages and in modern times until 1939. Presumably, there were Jews in the town with only a few interruptions between the 13th and 20th centuries. In the Middle Ages the community suffered from four terrible persecutions of Jews in 1235, 1298 (with 130 deaths), 1336-39 and 1348/49, by which the community was almost completely wiped out in each case.