In Obermoschel, a Jewish community existed until 1938/39. Its emergence goes back to the time of the 18th century. However, there were already Jews in the town in the Middle Ages. According to the Deutz Memorbuch, the persecution hit them in the plague period of 1348/49. Also in 1429 a Jew is mentioned in Obermoschel (Jud Salman, who is granted a mine in Selberg). After that, however, individual Jews cannot be traced until the second half of the 17th century: in 1674, one Jewish inhabitant is mentioned in the town.

In (Bad) Rappenau a Jewish community existed from the 16th/17th century until 1937. In 1572/74 the "Jud von Rappenau" (probably identical with the Gumprecht von Rappenau mentioned in 1575/76) is mentioned for the first time, who lived among other things from money lending. In the Wimpfener Judenordnung of 1598, which regulated the relationship to foreign Jews, Rappenau is also mentioned as a Jewish place of residence. There is further mention of Jews in Rappenau in the 2nd half of the 17th century.