In Rockenhausen (town since 1332) Jews lived in the second half of the 13th century. A pogrom occurred on April 23, 1283 (four days after pogroms in Mainz and Bacharach), when 13 Jews were slain in Rockenhausen. Others were forcibly baptized or managed to escape. A few years later (from 1309) Jews again lived in the town. During the persecution in the plague period 1348/49 Jews were also murdered in Rockenhausen. After that, the sources about Jews in the town are silent for a long time.