At the end of the 17th century, the still few Rockenhausen Jews attended the synagogue in Alsenz. In the course of the 18th century, a prayer room may have been established in Rockenhausen. In 1811 Manasse Kahnweiler set up a prayer room on the upper floor of an outbuilding of his house at Luitpoldstr. 20 (formerly building No. 250 in the "Grad Gaß"), which was solemnly inaugurated.  In the 1860s the desire to build a synagogue in Rockenhausen arose. The first plans were drawn up in 1867/68 by the district building officer Rosenthal.

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