In the Middle Ages, we learn of a synagogue in the Old Town (first mentioned in 1314 and last in 1427) and a synagogue in the Ilzstadt on the banks of the Ilz (until its destruction in 1478) on the site of St. Salvator's Church.
 
In the 19th/20th century (until the Nazi era) there was probably no prayer room. Possibly, community members met at times to hold services in one of the Jewish houses. Otherwise, services were attended in Straubing.  
   

Even before the Reformation, i.e. since the beginning of the 16th century, Jewish families are said to have been accepted in Bruck. In 1515, the Margravial Diet decided to expel the Jews, which allowed one or another family from Erlangen to settle in the neighboring community of Bruck. In 1431 Jews are mentioned in the village for the first time. In 1604 a Jewish dwelling house is mentioned. It is probably the same one mentioned in a report from 1842. According to it, the house No. 12 belonged to the Jewish community "since time immemorial".

Tombstones of the medieval cemetery ("Judensteine") can be found, among others. in Riegeldorf (from 1240, 1249), in Kelheim (from 1249), in Mintraching (1294, Catholic rectory, garden), Wolkering (wall around the church, right of the gate), Mangolding (Catholic church, left of the entrance), Tegernheim (Catholic rectory, right of the entrance), Karthaus-Prüll, Cham (town hall, stone from 1230, see page on Cham), Straubing, Neustadt a.d. Donau. A stone from 1273 was discovered in 1929 in the terrace of the new parish church (Neupfarrkirche) built on the site of the synagogue in 1519.

After the end of World War II, numerous survivors of concentration camps were taken into DP camps (camps of displaced persons) in Regensburg and the surrounding area (US zone) on the basis of the authorization of the American military administration. They were joined by survivors from Poland who had fled new pogroms in Poland (1946). In 1945, a Jewish DP (Displaced Persons) community (Jewish Community) was founded in Regensburg, whose chairmen were Jakob Gottlieb and Efraim Brenner.

The "Knabenpensionat" had been founded by the preacher Hermann Hirsch in 1917, when Hirsch had returned from his deployment in the First World War. Just two years after the founding of the boarding school, the villa at Hohe Straße 30 was owned by Hermann Hirsch. The boys' boarding school was to provide a home for boys who were attending secondary school in Coburg. Hermann Hirsch worked at the boarding school as a religion teacher.

In the community center of the Israelite religious community, the first Schweinfurt private trade school was founded by teacher Bernhard Adler.

In Schweinfurt, a Jewish community existed initially in the Middle Ages. In 1212 a Jew named Abraham from Schweinfurt is mentioned in Würzburg. In 1243 the Nuremberg Butigler pays the amount of 50 marks to the Jews of Schweinfurt. In the following decades one hears about Jews in the city on the occasion of persecutions: By the bands of the "Knight Rintfleisch" in 1298 and during the plague in 1348/49. Jakob von Schweinfurt, who was one of the new founders of the Erfurt community in 1357, will have been a survivor.