Jewish inhabitants are documented for the first time in 1659, when a "Schutzjude" with two members of his family is mentioned. Then in 1671 a second Jewish family is reported in the place. In the 18th century a gradual growth began, and in 1785 seven "Schutzjuden" are mentioned. The Jewish community was never very large: it reached its peak in 1905 with 70 people and 7.1% of the total population of 980. The small community had a synagogue, a Jewish school, a ritual bath and a cemetery. The synagogue was built in 1867, after the great city fire of 1865.
In 1933, 65 Jewish residents lived in the town. After that, their number decreased rapidly due to emigration and emigration. The last family deregistered from Frankenau on March 28, 1939. In 1938 it was foreseeable that a kehillah for holding services would soon no longer be able to meet, and in the spring or summer of 1938 the synagogue was sold to a neighbor. Because of fungal infestation, the building was eventually demolished. The base with the basement room was still there in 1949. A new building was later erected on the site (Rieschstraße 6).
On June 17, 1992, on the occasion of the 750th anniversary of the granting of city rights, a memorial stone for the murdered and expelled Jewish inhabitants was erected on the property line between the former synagogue and the Protestant church.
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