In Freiburg a Jewish community existed first in the Middle Ages. For the first time in 1281 (possibly already in 1230) Jews*Juden in the city are mentioned. The persecution of the Jews during the plague on January 30, 1349 destroyed the community. A few years later, some Jews in the town moved in again, until they were expelled, first in 1401, then again in 1424.
First since the middle of the 19th century Jews*Jews were able to settle in the city again. In 1863 a new community was established. Initially, the congregation was assigned to the district synagogue Breisach until its seat was moved to Freiburg in December 1885
The highest number of Jewish inhabitants was reached around 1925 with 1,399 persons.
During the few decades of its existence, members of Freiburg's Jewish community established numerous businesses, some of them significant also a banking house and a large department store belonged to Jewish families. Before 1933, about a dozen Jewish doctors practiced in the city, as well as dentists and lawyers. There were six full professors, seven associate professors and eight private lecturers at the university in 1933 who belonged to the Jewish community.
Due to the persecutions and killings of Jews during the Nazi era at least 314 of the 1,138 Jewish persons residing in Freiburg in 1933 lost their lives.
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