Residential Neighborhood

The until the middle of the 19th century still so-called "Judenplatz" along the (between Rosenwinkel and Grauem Hof) divided Bakenstraße marked the center of Jewish life in Halberstadt. Although the letters of protection for the settlement of Jewish families in the city were granted by the bishops until 1648, the "Jewish quarter" below Petershof was under the control of the Halberstadt citizens (magistrate). Christian families always lived here as well.

The Judenberg is mentioned for the first time already in 1366 in the citizen book. According to Walter Groos, Beiträge zur Frühgeschichte Augsburgs 300-1300, there is evidence of housing for Jews after 1440. These are indications that Jews were already settling on Judenberg in the early Middle Ages.

The castle in Laudenbach belonged to the estate of the Voite von Rieneck. The noble lords exercise the right to protect Jews and allow Jews to live in the small former servants' quarters of the castle. The living conditions are very bad.The cottages are small and overcrowded.

In this courtyard, writes a Würzburg newspaper in 1798, "every corner is filled with Jews." The owners of the castle let the Jews settle there mainly because of the considerable protection money. In the vernacular, the area is called "Judenhof".

The Würzburg Julusspital buys in 1694 a site in the village center of Laudenbach, in order to let live in the existing houses there exclusively Jews. There are five houses on the site of the formerly noble Freihof, but a total of 11 Jewish families live there in a very small space.  Since the houses are partly very dilapidated, the administration of the Julusspital plans extensive building measures in the 18th century. Draft plans for the construction of a Jewish house with a total of 10 families were submitted.

The Grindelviertel developed into the Jewish center of Hamburg in the 19th century. Several institutions such as synagogues, Talmud Torah schools and cemeteries for German-Israelite or Portuguese-Sephardic communities led to a strong growth of the Jewish population in Hamburg. At the time of National Socialism, approximately 25,000 Jews lived here. During the Reich Pogrom Night in 1938, most of the synagogues and community facilities were destroyed. From 1941, the remaining Jews who had not managed to escape were deported to Eastern Europe and murdered there.

In the 16th century Jewish inhabitants are mentioned several times between 1508 and 1565 (in 1508 Jud Jarow is mentioned by name). In 1555, the letters of protection of the Jews living in the county of Henneberg were no longer renewed, which led to their expulsion until 1566. 
Presumably the Jewish settlement of the 16th century was remembered for a long time by the "Judentor", from which the still in the 19th century so-called "Jüdengasse" (since 1860 "Bergstraße", later "Weimarer Straße") led to the market.

In the second half of the 15th century there were again individual Jews in the city (named since 1469). At that time, the Archbishop of Mainz allowed the Jews of Heiligenstadt to rebuild the "Judenhof" to be able to move into housing there (today street name "Am Jüdenhof", near the old market).

The Jewish families lived in the Middle Ages near the market in the Judengasse (today "Jüdenstraße"). In the 16th and 17th century in the area of the "Judengasse" is called a "Judenbad". The main occupation was money trading. 
   
In 1418, 10 Jews (with families) are mentioned, a total of about 55 people. At that time there was also a rabbi in the town, who had a school (yeshiva), which was also attended by out-of-town students. In 1417 this rabbi was appointed "Judenmeister". Around 1465 the Jews were expelled from the town.

In Gera, a Jewish community existed already in the Middle Ages. Jews were first mentioned in the city in 1331: Emperor Ludwig confirmed to the bailiff Heinrich von Gera the rights over the Jews in his territory. The persecution of the Jews during the plague in 1349 also affected the Jews in Gera. One survivor was possibly the Jew Abraham of Gera, mentioned in Erfurt in 1357.