7-Nazi Period

Walter Bondy grew up in Vienna as the son of an industrialist family. After studying at the art academies of Vienna and Berlin, he moved to Paris at the beginning of the 20th century. There he co-founded the artists' circle at the Café du Dôme and socialised with artists, writers and intellectuals.
 
This biography was produced as part of the exhibition "Paris Magnétique". You can find more information in the related links.

Lou Albert-Lasard was one of the artists who, as daughters of assimilated Jewish families, had long not received the recognition they deserved. After the First World War, she had a significant influence on modern art in many respects. From the Expressionism of the Munich art group "Blauer Reiter", to the environment of the École de Paris and ultimately the Berlin years in the November Group - she had a wide range of experiences and herself contributed to the development and dissemination of formative art styles of the 20th century.

The Hungarian-Jewish intellectual Georg Lukács became known throughout Europe in the 20th century. He was a cultural critic, literary scholar, philosopher, Marxist, party functionary - and much more. He is known today primarily as one of the most important Marxist theorists of the 20th century. His life was synchronized with the historical 20th century - with all its caesurae and upheavals.

The modern painter Rudolf Levy was born on July 15, 1875 in Stettin into a Jewish merchant family and grew up with two siblings in Danzig. After an apprenticeship as a bricklayer and training as an architect, he was initially drawn to Munich, where he studied under an Impressionist painter.

Magnus Hirschfeld was born into a Jewish family of doctors in Kolberg on May 14, 1868. His Jewish origins had always been taboo for the later Social Democrat, who, like his father, also became a doctor. Even as a student, he had been interested in naturopathy and had visited Pastor Kneipp in Wörrishofen. When he opened his first practice in Magdeburg, his designation as a "doctor of naturopathy" turned the local medical profession into opponents. In May 1897, he opened a "Scientific-Humanitarian Committee" in Charlottenburg, Prussia, with the goal of decriminalizing homosexuality.

"I have never poetized a line that would have had nothing to do with my existence."
From this quote by the writer and poet Paul Celan, it is clear how closely his work was interwoven with his biography. As a Jewish, German-speaking poet of Romanian origin, he processed the horror of the Shoah in his texts. His best-known poem Todesfuge has been printed and adapted many times.